theories of family sociology ppt

positive or negative effects of the family unit. Many Whites joined the protests while others quietly sympathized. These roles are up for interpretation. Social phenomenology is an approach within the field of sociology that aims to reveal what role human awareness plays in the production of social action, social situations and social worlds. Radical feminist theories insist the oppression of women is fundamental. Blue-collar marriage. Our daily interactions are filled with symbols and an ongoing process of interactions with other people based on the meanings of these symbols. Have you ever had anyone youve greeted actually answer your question of How are you? Most of us never have. All decks are tightly aligned to the modules in this course. According to Evelyn Duvall the stages are as follows. But there are various levels of strain felt by each couple. Stage 1: Married Couples without Children. Outcomes are those rewards or costs which are received or incurred by actors from each other in an exchange relationship. The family can also be a source of conflict, including physical violence and emotional cruelty, for its own members. Juan and Maria have each felt a strain on their marriage because of the strains that come from each subsystem and family member who depends upon them. Thinking back to the Conflict example of the gully separating extremely wealthy and poor neighborhoods, look at the Habitat for Humanity picture in Figure 2. Even today, with more fluid family roles, conflict theorists find disputes over the division of household labor to be a common source of marital discord. Changes over historical time, such as the advent of no-fault divorce interact with generational time to increase the number of children whose parents divorce, which in turn interacts with individual time and may bring about a personal choice to divorce. Family problems stem from economic inequality and from patriarchal ideology. He recognized that the development of self evolved through a negotiation between the world as it exists in ones mind and the world that exists as it is experienced socially (Piaget 1954).[7]. Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (18561939) was one of the most influential modern scientists to put forth a theory about how people develop a sense of self. Rubin, L. B. Social exchange theory acknowledges individuals do not always act rationally, but assumes those departures from rational behavior will follow predictable patterns.21 This theory assumes that humans act rationally when deciding on an exchange; however, this is not always true.22. As it developed through the centuries, and especially during industrialization, the family also became more and more of a patriarchal unit (see earlier discussion), helping to ensure mens status at the top of the social hierarchy. It is crucial to recognize the importance of the interactions of these time frames, since for instance historical events will impact individuals life trajectories, such as the events of war or economic depression. The history of family origin is considered, the family essence is defined, basic concepts, functions and structures. To understand the other persons symbols and meanings is to approach a common ground. Karl Marx's sociology: contributions. This outlet gives way to reproduction, which is a necessary part of ensuring the survival of society. Sociological views on today's families generally fall into the functional, conflict, and social interactionist approaches introduced earlier in this book. (1959); White & Booth. The first element is a focus on multiple time clocks or events that impact the individual. Contrast these word pairs hate versus hope, help versus hurt, advise versus abuse, and connect versus corrupt. Psychologist Erik Erikson (19021994) created a theory of personality development based, in part, on the work of Freud. An individuals alternatives are those opportunities which produce outcomes which have value to the individual. The incest taboo that most societies have, which prohibits sex between certain relatives, helps minimize conflict within the family if sex occurred among its members and to establish social ties among different families and thus among society as a whole. As teachers and educators strive to become evidence-based practitioners, the goal of learning this Model is to understand the theoretical and research foundations that inform the work in supporting students' well-being, teaching and learning and identify and use other factors/resources such as parents, family, peers, to provide positive influence on students learning and development.[3]. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a good father, for example, was one who worked hard to provide financial security for his children. Microsystems impact a child directly. Theory is NOT: Theory IS: Theories simplify reality . The relationship between parents and schools, for example will indirectly affect the child. Society can be studied the same way the human body can be studied: by analyzing what specific systems are working or not working, diagnosing problems, and devising solutions to restore balance. Sociological theories. Family Systems Theory claims that the family is understood best by conceptualizing it as a complex, dynamic, and changing collection of parts, subsystems and family members. According to functionalists, the differentiation of the roles on the basis of sex ensures that families are well balanced and coordinated. In most societies, the family is the major unit in which socialization happens. A Macro theory is a sociological theory designed to study the larger social, global, and societal level of sociological phenomena. To understand the family we must consider the challenges they face in each stage, how well they resolve them, and how well they transition to the next stage. He posited that peoples self development is closely linked to early stages of development, like breastfeeding, toilet training, and sexual awareness (Freud 1905). Theories can be used to study societymillions of people in a state, country, or even at the world level. An adult with an oral fixation may indulge in overeating or binge drinking. 1.3 Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology, 2.2 Stages in the Sociological Research Process, 2.4 Ethical Issues in Sociological Research, 2.5 Sociological Research in the Service of Society, 3.1 Culture and the Sociological Perspective, 4.4 Socialization Through the Life Course, 4.5 Resocialization and Total Institutions, 4.6 Socialization Practices and Improving Society, 5.1 Social Structure: The Building Blocks of Social Life, 6.4 Groups, Organizations, and Social Change, 7.1 Social Control and the Relativity of Deviance. Social interactionist perspectives on the family examine how family members and intimate couples interact on a daily basis and arrive at shared understandings of their situations. . Over the years researchers have found the necessity to develop theories of behavior that are specific to family settings. In theory mother exercises authority and power in the matriarchal family. It focuses on the dialectic of continuity and change in human development. In the 1960s there was a resurgence of the feminist movement which grew from the movement for the rights of African Americans. Another classic study by Lillian Rubin (1976) found that wives in middle-class families say that ideal husbands are ones who communicate well and share their feelings, while wives in working-class families are more apt to say that ideal husbands are ones who do not drink too much and who go to work every day. When understanding the family, the Family Systems Theory has proven to be verypowerful. 2. They also note that family members take on status roles in a marriage or family. Interactionists also recognize how the family status roles of each member are socially constructed, playing an important part in how people perceive and interpret social behavior. Sociology. Sociological theory views modernization as a macroprocess of transition from traditional society to the society of modernity. We also know that LARD has nothing to do with either of the other two terms. It aids in our understanding of change among individuals and populations over time by looking at the interrelation between individual biography and historical social structures.8. Theories are sets of interrelated concepts and ideas that have been scientifically tested and combined to magnify, enlarge, clarify, and expand our understanding of people, their behaviors, and their societies. Text and Readings. Functionalists hold a consensus view of the family arguing that it plays a vital role in providing beneficial functions to meet the needs of society and its individual members. History of Sociology While classical philosophy deals with many sociological questions, most agree that "sociology" as a "science of society" is a modern discipline Development of sociology as a discipline requires . Studies indicate that when men do more housework, women experience more satisfaction in their marriages, reducing the incidence of conflict (Coltrane 2000). The urgency for public health to improve population nutritional status is of vital importance, given the central role that nutrition plays in health, and chronic disease and obesity prevention (Nishida . Rewards may be physical, social, or psychological. Power is the ability to get what one wants even in the presence of opposition. When theories are used to study small groups or individuals, say a couple, family, or team, they are referred to as being micro theories, theories which best fit the study of small groups and their members (typically Symbolic Interactionism). Summarize understandings of the family as presented by functional, conflict, and social interactionist theories. Notice thatMarias father has passed away, so he has an X over his place in this diagram. These have an impact on families and peers and schools who operate under policies and regulations found in these institutions. With more parent-child relationships developing through adoption, remarriage, or change in guardianship, the word parent today is less likely to be associated with a biological connection than with whoever is socially recognized as having the responsibility for a childs upbringing. In the diagram below you can see the process by which a theory leads sociologists to perform a certain type of study with certain types of questions that can test the assumptions of the theory. Life course scholars also are aware of the intra-cohort differences that are influenced by these social and historical events. The Functionalist Theory claims that society is in a state of balance and kept that way through the function of societys component parts. As you can already tell, Functionalism is more positive and optimistic than Conflict Theory. This PPT looks at everything from marriage and divorce not just in the United States, but across the globe, as well as the three theoretical perspectives on the family including functions which ties back to socialization, social structures, and other concepts that . TheThomas Theorem is often called the definition of the situation. It says that if people perceive or define something as being real, then it becomes real in its consequences. It also addresses the issues of what theory is, what are the bases for evaluating family theory, what are the goals of family . Marias mother was a college graduate and has been a big help to Jos who is a sophomore in college and a basketball team member. We will be applying these theories all semester long as we study different issues. It socializes children, provides practical and emotional support for its members, regulates sexual reproduction, and provides its members with a social identity. She simultaneously belongs to the following subsystems, Daughter-Mother; Daughter-in-law-Father & Mother-in-law; Spousal; Mother-Son; Mother-Daughter; Mother-in-law-Son-in-law; and Grandmother-grandchildren. 5.0. Although no solid empirical evidence supports Freuds theory, his ideas continue to contribute to the work of scholars in a variety of disciplines. As money is one of the most valuable resources, men who worked in paid labor outside of the home held more power than women who worked inside the home (Blood and Wolfe 1960). For social exchange relationships to form and be ongoing, the value of the exchange to each of the individuals in the relationship must be greater than the perceived value of the potential alternatives. Barriers to change and attractiveness of alternatives are the main elements of social exchange theory when used to guide the investigation of divorce.13, There are several terms which are central to social exchange theory that must be defined prior to a discussion of the theory. Some children have advantages throughout life because of the social identity they acquire from their parents, while others face many obstacles because the social class or race/ethnicity into which they are born is at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Unlike binoculars, you cant see or touch a theory, but it is a framework to help you see the world sociologically. This house is now finished and lived in, thanks mostly to the Habitat non-profit process and the work of many volunteers. (2) $5.00. At the end of this chapter you will be able to do the following. This perspective also acknowledges the effect of social and historical events on the individuals life course (e.g., war). Look below at the photographic montage in Figure 1 of homes in one U.S.neighborhood which were run down, poor, trashy, and worth very little. Figure 2. The relationship between individuals and those around them need to be considered. Sociologist Talcott Parsons, who is a key figure in the functionalist perspective theory, saw society as connected parts which they would do their parts to maintain the society. theories of family sociology ppt. social context of development, 3.) It is a lens with which to view the age-related transitions that are socially created and are recognized and shared by members of a society. Figure 4. (1995); Hagestad & Neugarten (1985), Albrecht, Bahr, & Goodman. The Conflict Theory is a macro theory designed to study the larger social, global, and societal level of sociological phenomena. The family can also be a source of conflict, including physical violence and emotional cruelty, for its own members. He had very little patience for the capitalistic ideals that undergirded these powerful acts of inhumane exploitation of the average person. It performs a crucial position withinside the socialisation of individuals. Figure 5 shows the model with its systems. 1.2.1 Major Theoretical Perspectives. We find cultural values and beliefs at the level of macrosystems. The life course perspective is a theoretical framework that focuses on the timing of events that occur in an individuals lifetime. (1996); Molm & Cook. When considering the role of family in society, functionalists uphold the notion that families are an important social institution and that they play a key role in stabilizing society. The Functionalist perspective on the family - detailed class notes covering Murdock's 4 functions of the family, Talcott Parson's functional fit theory . A basic tenet of this theory (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006) is that child and youth development is influenced by many different contexts, settings, or ecologies (for example, family, peers, schools, communities, sociocultural belief systems, policy regimes, and, of course, the economy). These multiple time clocks include ontogenetic, or individual, time which is comprised of personal events, generational time which consists of family transitions or events, and historical time which refers to social events. They are not single transactions. Although the functional perspective assumes the family provides its members emotional comfort and support, many families do just the opposite and are far from the harmonious, happy groups depicted in the 1950s television shows. The have-nots or Marxs proletariat are the common working class, lower class, and poor members of society. Individuals tend to influence each other by considering their partners previous choices when making their own choices. This theory suggests that social interaction leads to continuous step-by-step changes in children's thought and behavior that can vary greatly from culture to culture (Woolfolk, 1998). Much like a mechanic would interface with the computer system of a broken down car to diagnose which systems are broken (transmission, electric, fuel, etc.) family feeding practice, nutrition, social theory, population health, obesity Introduction Global trends of obesity continue to rise (WHO 2000).